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Frank M. Painter

About Frank M. Painter

I was introduced to Chiro.Org in early 1996, where my friend Joe Garolis helped me learn HTML, the "mark-up language" for websites. We have been fortunate that journals like JMPT have given us permission to reproduce some early important articles in Full-Text format. Maintaining the Org website has been, and remains, my favorite hobby.
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Identity and Cultural Authority Within Chiropractic

By |April 17, 2019|Chiropractic Identity|

Caught in the Crosshairs: Identity and Cultural Authority Within Chiropractic

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Soc Sci Med. 2011 (Jun); 72 (11): 1826–1837

Yvonne Villanueva-Russell, Ph.D

Dept. of Sociology,
Texas A&M University-Commerce,
Sociology & Criminal Justice,
TX 75429-3011, USA.

In this paper the discourse over identity and cultural authority within the profession of chiropractic in the United States has been analyzed using critical discourse analysis. As the profession struggles to construct one singular image, versions of self must be internally debated and also shaped in consideration of larger, external forces. The dilemma of remaining tied to a marginal professional status must be balanced against considerations of integration. Written texts from chiropractic journals and newspapers are analyzed in a multidimensional approach that considers the rhetorical devices and thematic issues of identity construction; the representation of various voices within the discourse (both heard and unheard); and the extent to which external pressures affect the projection of cultural authority for the profession. A heterogeneous discourse characterized by conflict was found, with discrepancies between everyday chiropractors in actual practice versus academic chiropractors and leaders particularly over the idea, practice and significance of science for the profession.

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Chiropractic Identity Page

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The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 10

By |April 16, 2019|Subluxation|

The Chiropractic Vertebral Subluxation Part 10:
Integrative and Critical Literature From 1996 and 1997

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   J Chiropractic Humanities 2018 (Dec);   25:   146–168

Simon A.Senzon, MA, DC

School of Health and Human Sciences,
Southern Cross University,
Lismore, New South Wales, Australia.

Objective   The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the history of chiropractic vertebral subluxation (CVS) during 1996 and 1997. The literature during this period offered critical and integrative models emphasized by a need for research into operational and functional definitions.

Discussion   Several integrative approaches emerged, from Rome’s 296 synonyms to Bergman’s Pain/Tenderness, Asymmetry/Alignment, Range of Motion Abnormality, Tissue Tone, Texture, Temperature Abnormality, and Special Tests (PARTS) analysis adopted by the profession in the United States. Other noteworthy contributions included Ruch’s Atlas of Common Subluxations, Epstein’s introduction of network spinal analysis, and Kent’s review of CVS models. Boone’s introduction of the Journal of Vertebral Subluxation Research was accompanied by his 3-part model with Dobson. These years also included the paradigm statement of the Association of Chiropractic Colleges, which was adopted by the American Chiropractic Association, International Chiropractors Association, and World Federation of Chiropractic. Two other papers included Nelson’s critique of the CVS paradigm and Keating’s 1996 “Hunt for the Subluxation.”

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What is the Chiropractic Subluxation? Page

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Integrating Chiropractic Care Into the Treatment of Migraine

By |April 7, 2019|Headache, Migraine|

Integrating Chiropractic Care Into the Treatment of Migraine Headaches in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case Series

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Glob Adv Health Med. 2019 (Mar 28)

Carolyn Bernstein, MD, Peter M Wayne, PhD, Pamela M Rist, ScD, Kamila Osypiuk, MS, Audrey Hernandez, MS, and Matthew Kowalski, DC

Osher Clinical Center,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts.


This case series illustrates an integrated model of care for migraine that combines standard neurological care with chiropractic treatment. For each patient, we describe the rationale for referral, diagnosis by both the neurologist and chiropractor, the coordinated care plan, communication between the neurologist and chiropractor based on direct face-to-face “hallway” interaction, medical notes, team meetings, and clinical outcomes. Findings are evaluated within the broader context of the multicause nature of migraine and the impact of integrative chiropractic. Suggestions for future areas of research evaluating integrative approaches are discussed.

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Headache and Chiropractic Page

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The Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Chiropractic Use

By |March 26, 2019|Chiropractic Care|

The Prevalence, Patterns, and Predictors of Chiropractic Use Among US Adults: Results From the 2012 National Health Interview Survey

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 (Dec 1); 42 (23): 1810–1816

Jon Adams, PhD, Wenbo Peng, PhD, Holger Cramer, PhD, Tobias Sundberg, PhD, Craig Moore, Masters of Clinical Trials Research, Lyndon Amorin-Woods, MPH, David Sibbritt, PhD, Romy Lauche, PhD

Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM),
Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney,
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

STUDY DESIGN:   Secondary analysis of a national survey.

OBJECTIVE:   The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of chiropractic utilization in the US general population.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:   Chiropractic is one of the largest manual therapy professions in the United States and internationally. Very few details have been reported about the use of chiropractic care in the United States in recent years.

METHODS:   Cross-sectional data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (n = 34,525) were analyzed to examine the lifetime and 12–month prevalence and utilization patterns of chiropractic use, profile of chiropractic users, and health-related predictors of chiropractic consultations.

RESULTS:   Lifetime and 12–month prevalence of chiropractic use were 24.0% and 8.4%, respectively. There is a growing trend of chiropractic use among US adults from 2002 to 2012. Back pain (63.0%) and neck pain (30.2%) were the most prevalent health problems for chiropractic consultations and the majority of users reported chiropractic helping a great deal with their health problem and improving overall health or well-being. A substantial number of chiropractic users had received prescription (23.0%) and/or over-the-counter medications (35.0%) for the same health problem for which chiropractic was sought and 63.8% reported chiropractic care combined with medical treatment as helpful. Both adults older than 30 years (compared to younger adults), and those diagnosed with spinal pain (compared to those without spinal pain) were more likely to have consulted a chiropractor in the past 12 months.

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All About Chiropractic Page

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Contrasting Real Time Quantitative Measures to Patients

By |March 25, 2019|Trajectories of Back Pain|

Contrasting Real Time Quantitative Measures (Weekly SMS) to Patients’ Retrospective Appraisal of Their One-year’s Course of Low Back Pain; A Probing Mixed-methods Study

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2019 (Feb 26); 27: 12

Lise Hestbaek, Cornelius Myburgh, Henrik Hein Lauridsen, Eleanor Boyle, and Alice Kongsted

Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics,
University of Southern Denmark,
Odense, Denmark.

BACKGROUND:   Due to the recurrent nature of low back pain (LBP), the traditional concepts of cure and recovery are challenged, and investigating the course rather than status at fixed time-points may help us understand prognosis as well as treatment effect. However, methods of frequent measuring still need development and validation. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the agreement between continuous, quantitative self-assessment (weekly SMS) of the course of LBP over a one-year period and qualitatively derived retrospective patient self-appraisal of the same time-period.

METHODS:   Participants were 32 subjects with LBP from primary care. The quantitative measures consisted of weekly SMS questions for one-year about pain intensity, days with LBP, and activity limitations for that week. For each subject, the weekly responses were graphed and categorized into categories based on intensity, variation and overall change patterns. Qualitative measures were based on semi-structured telephone interviews one-year after a consultation for LBP, where two coders independently categorized the self-appraisal of LBP course into the same predefined categories as the SMS-based trajectories. Furthermore, patients’ perceived overall recovery was related to variation patterns from SMS track.

RESULTS:   There was perfect agreement for 48% in the pain intensity domain, 53% in the variation domain and 63% in the change pattern domain. Most of the discordant cases were classified in neighboring categories with the majority relating to fluctuating patterns. The self-perceived overall recovery status seemed to be reflected quite well by the quantitative measures of pain intensity and days with pain in this study.

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Trajectories of Low Back Pain

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Diagnosis and Chiropractic Treatment of Infant Headache

By |March 23, 2019|Headache, Pediatrics|

Diagnosis and Chiropractic Treatment of Infant Headache Based on Behavioral Presentation and Physical Findings: A Retrospective Series of 13 Cases

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 (Oct); 32 (8): 682–686

Aurélie M. Marchand, MChiro, DC, Joyce E. Miller, BS, DC, Candice Mitchell, MChiro

Private Practice,
Brussels, Belgium

OBJECTIVE:   This case series presents information on diagnosis and treatment of 13 cases of benign infant headache presenting to a chiropractic teaching clinic.

CLINICAL FEATURES:   A retrospective search was performed for files of infants presenting with probable headache revealing 13 cases of headache from 350 files.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES:   Thirteen cases (6 females, 7 males) from 2 days old to 8.5 months old were identified by behavioral presentation, parental, or medical diagnosis. In the cohort, historical findings included: birth trauma, assisted birth, familial headache history and feeding difficulty. Examination and behavioral findings were grabbing or holding of the face, ineffective latching, grimacing and positional discomfort, rapping head against the floor, photophobia and anorexia. Posterior joint restrictions of the cervical spine were found in these cases. No cases of malignant headache were found. All infants received a trial of chiropractic care including manual therapy.

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Chiropractic Pediatrics Section and the:

Headache and Chiropractic Page

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