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Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Invasive and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Low Back Pain

By |August 24, 2016|Cost-Effectiveness, Low Back Pain|

Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Invasive and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Low Back Pain:
A Systematic Literature Review

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Applied Health Econ & Health Policy 2016 (Aug 22)

Lazaros Andronis, Philip Kinghorn, Suyin Qiao,
David G. T. Whitehurst, Susie Durrell, Hugh McLeod

Health Economics Unit,
Public Health Building,
University of Birmingham,
Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
l.andronis@bham.ac.uk

BACKGROUND:   Low back pain (LBP) is a major health problem, having a substantial effect on peoples’ quality of life and placing a significant economic burden on healthcare systems and, more broadly, societies. Many interventions to alleviate LBP are available but their cost effectiveness is unclear.

OBJECTIVES:   To identify, document and appraise studies reporting on the cost effectiveness of non-invasive and non-pharmacological treatment options for LBP.

METHODS:   Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches in bibliographic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database), ‘similar article’ searches and reference list scanning. Study selection was carried out by three assessors, independently. Study quality was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist. Data were extracted using customized extraction forms.

RESULTS:   Thirty-three studies were identified. Study interventions were categorised as:

(1) combined physical exercise and psychological therapy,

(2) physical exercise therapy only,

(3) information and education, and

(4) manual therapy.

Interventions assessed within each category varied in terms of their components and delivery. In general, combined physical and psychological treatments, information and education interventions, and manual therapies appeared to be cost effective when compared with the study-specific comparators. There is inconsistent evidence around the cost effectiveness of physical exercise programs as a whole, with yoga, but not group exercise, being cost effective.

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Low Back Pain and Chiropractic Page

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Cost-Effectiveness of Chiropractic Page

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Diagnostic Testing Considerations in Pediatric Cervicogenic Headache

By |August 20, 2016|Cervicogenic, Headache|

Diagnostic Testing Considerations in Pediatric Cervicogenic Headache

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   ACA News ~ May 23, 2016

Robert Vining, DC and Janice Kane, DC

The Neurological Institute,
Taipei Veterans General Hospital,
Taipei, Taiwan.

We are all aware that children commonly complain of headaches, but determining a specific diagnosis can be challenging. That’s partly because pediatric patients may not describe their symptoms as well as adults. Therefore, we asked this question: “Is there a diagnostic test that helps classify headache in pediatric patients in the range of 6-12 years?” If an evidence-based diagnostic test is available, it may help providers diagnose and develop management strategies.

Cervicogenic headache is common in pediatric patients and is defined by the International Headache Society as a condition caused by cervical spine dysfunction that is usually accompanied by neck pain. We chose this type of headache because it is commonly seen in chiropractic offices. With these thoughts in mind, we performed a search for office-based tests to help substantiate a diagnosis of cervicogenic headache diagnosis in a pediatric patient.

An evidence-based consideration

A PubMed search using the terms pediatric AND headache AND posture produced only a few articles. Included in this list is an article authored by Budelmann et al. describing a cross-sectional study entitled:

Is there a difference in head posture and cervical spine movement in children with and without pediatric headache?
Eur J Pediatr. 2013 (Oct);   172 (10):   1349-56

What happened in this study?

Investigators recruited 34 asymptomatic children from a high school and handball club in Germany and 30 symptomatic patients from physiotherapy departments in the Netherlands. Both groups had a mean age of 10 years (range of 6-12 years).

Criteria utilized for probable cervicogenic headaches were patient reports of:

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The Use of Spinal Manipulation to Treat an Acute on Field Athletic Injury

By |August 18, 2016|Sports Management|

The Use of Spinal Manipulation to Treat an Acute on Field Athletic Injury: A Case Report

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2016 (Jun); 60 (2): 158–163

Sean A. Duquette, BA, DC and
Mohsen Kazemi, RN, DC, MSc., FRCCSS(C), FCCPOR(C),
PhD (Candidate)

Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College.

This case describes the utilization of spinal manipulative therapy for an acute athletic injury during a Taekwondo competition. During the tournament, an athlete had a sudden, non-traumatic, ballistic movement of the cervical spine. This resulted in the patient having a locked cervical spine with limited active motion in all directions. The attending chiropractor assessed the athlete, and deemed manipulation was appropriate. After the manipulation, the athlete’s range of motion was returned and was able to finish the match. Spinal manipulation has multiple positive outcomes for an athlete with an acute injury including the increase of range of motion, decrease in pain and the relaxation of hypertonic muscles. However, there should be some caution when utilizing manipulation during an event.

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Children and Adolescents Presenting to Chiropractors in Norway

By |August 16, 2016|Musculoskeletal Complaints, Pediatrics|

Children and Adolescents Presenting to Chiropractors in Norway: National Health Insurance Data and a Detailed Survey

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2016 (Aug 1); 24: 29

Anna Allen-Unhammer, (1) Francis J. H. Wilson, (2)
and Lise Hestbaek (3)

1   Markveien Fysikalske Institutt,
Markveien 25, 0554 Oslo, Norway.

2   Anglo-European College of Chiropractic,
Bournemouth, Dorset BH5 2DF UK.

3   Nordic Institute of Chiropractic and Clinical Biomechanics
and Institute of Sports Science and Biomechanics,
University of Southern Denmark,
Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK-5230 Denmark.

BACKGROUND:   The idea of chiropractors treating children is controversial, yet many parents seek chiropractic care for their children. The reasons for this are not well documented. Part one of this study aimed to document the profile of all paediatric patients consulting Norwegian chiropractors in 2013 using National Health Insurance data (NHI) with regards to age, gender and primary complaints. Part two aimed to provide a more detailed description of these patients in the form of a descriptive, paper-based survey.

METHODS:   Part one involved Norwegian NHI data from 2013. Part two consisted of a year-long, paper-based survey. Chiropractors registered with the Norwegian chiropractic association (NKF) were invited to participate via email. Participating chiropractors were assigned one random month to collect data. All paediatric patients (or their parents) during that were asked to complete questionnaires containing information on presenting complaint, consequences of this complaint, age, and mode of referral.

RESULTS:   In general, there was good concordance between part one and two of the study in terms of age, gender and presenting complaint. The youngest children constituted the largest paediatric group in Norwegian chiropractic practice. Musculoskeletal problems were the most common reason for children visiting a chiropractor in all of the age categories, according to NHI data. Part two of the study found that one-third of young school children and adolescents reported pain lasting longer than 1-year. Eleven percent of children found that their complaint had severely affected their mood and 22 % felt their activities were very limited by their condition. Referrals from healthcare professionals were uncommon. The survey’s results were based on 161 completed questionnaires, received from 15 % of the Norwegian chiropractors.

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Outcomes Of Pregnant Patients With Low Back Pain Undergoing Chiropractic Treatment

By |August 9, 2016|Adverse Events, Pediatrics|

Outcomes Of Pregnant Patients With Low Back Pain Undergoing Chiropractic Treatment: A Prospective Cohort Study With Short Term, Medium Term and 1 Year Follow-up

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2014 (Apr 1); 22 (1): 15

Cynthia K Peterson, Daniel Mühlemann, Barry Kim Humphreys

Department of Chiropractic Medicine,
Orthopaedic University Hospital Balgrist,

University of Zürich,
Forchstrasse 340,
Zürich, Switzerland

This study, from the chiropractic researchers at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, demonstrates that chiropractic care helps reduce low back pain during pregnancy, and another study by this same group demonstrates the long-term benefits from chiropractic adjustments for lumbar disc herniations.

 

BACKGROUND:   Low back pain in pregnancy is common and research evidence on the response to chiropractic treatment is limited.

The purposes of this study are

1) to report outcomes in pregnant patients receiving chiropractic treatment

2) to compare outcomes from subgroups

3) to assess predictors of outcome.

METHODS:   Pregnant patients with low back or pelvic pain, no contraindications to manipulative therapy and no manual therapy in the prior 3 months were recruited.Baseline numerical rating scale (NRS) and Oswestry questionnaire data were collected. Duration of complaint, number of previous LBP episodes, LBP during a previous pregnancy, and category of pain location were recorded.The patient’s global impression of change (PGIC) (primary outcome), NRS, and Oswestry data (secondary outcomes) were collected at 1 week, 1 and 3 months after the first treatment. At 6 months and 1 year the PGIC and NRS scores were collected. PGIC responses of ‘better or ‘much better’ were categorized as ‘improved’.The proportion of patients ‘improved’ at each time point was calculated. Chi-squared test compared subgroups with ‘improvement’. Baseline and follow-up NRS and Oswestry scores were compared using the paired t-test. The unpaired t-test compared NRS and Oswestry scores in patients with and without a history of LBP and with and without LBP during a previous pregnancy. Anova compared baseline and follow-up NRS and Oswestry scores by pain location category and category of number of previous LBP episodes. Logistic regression analysis also was also performed.

RESULTS:   52% of 115 recruited patients ‘improved’ at 1 week, 70% at 1 month, 85% at 3 months, 90% at 6 months and 88% at 1 year. There were significant reductions in NRS and Oswestry scores (p < 0.0005). Category of previous LBP episodes number at one year (p = 0.02) was related to ‘improvement’ when analyzed alone, but was not strongly predictive in logistic regression. Patients with more prior LBP episodes had higher 1 year NRS scores (p = 0.013).

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Chiropractic Pediatrics Section

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Chiropractic Management of Pregnancy-Related Lumbopelvic Pain

By |August 7, 2016|Low Back Pain, Pregnancy|

Chiropractic Management of Pregnancy-Related Lumbopelvic Pain: A Case Study

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   J Chiropractic Medicine 2016 (Jun); 15 (2): 129–133

Maria Bernard, BSc, GradDipChiro, GradCertChiroPaediatrics,
Peter Tuchin, BSc, GredDipChiro, OHS, PhD

Private Practice,
Sydney, Australia.

Associate Professor,
Department of Chiropractic Faculty Science,
Macquarie University,
Sydney, NSW, Australia.

OBJECTIVE:   The purpose of this case report is to describe chiropractic management of a patient with pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain.

CLINICAL FEATURES:   A pregnant 35-year-old woman experienced insidious moderate to severe pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain and leg pain at 32 weeks’ gestation. Pain limited her endurance capacity for walking and sitting. Clinical testing revealed a left sacroiliac joint functional disturbance and myofascial trigger points reproducing back and leg pain.

INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME:   A diagnosis of pregnancy-related low back pain and pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain was made. The patient was treated with chiropractic spinal manipulation, soft tissue therapy, exercises, and ergonomic advice in 13 visits over 6 weeks. She consulted her obstetrician for her weekly obstetric visits. At the end of treatment, her low back pain reduced from 7 to 2 on a 0-10 numeric pain scale rating. Functional activities reported such as walking, sitting, and traveling comfortably in a car had improved.

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Chiropractic Pediatrics Section

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