The Importance, Measurement and Practical Implications of Worker’s Expectations for Return to Work

Purpose: &nbsp Workers’ own expectations for return to work consistently predict work status. To advance the understanding of the relationship between RTW expectations and outcomes, we reviewed existing measures to determine those which we felt were the most likely to capture the construct.

Method: &nbsp A comprehensive search of the work-disability rehabilitation literature was undertaken. The review of the measures was conducted in three steps: first, a review of terminology; second, an examination of whether a time reference was included; third, an evaluation of ease of comprehension, and applicability across contexts.

Results: &nbsp A total of 42 different measures were identified. One of the most striking findings was the inconsistency in terminology. Measures were also limited by not including a time reference. Problems were also identified with regards to ease of understanding, utility of response options, and applicability in a wide variety of research and applied settings.

Conclusions: &nbsp Most previously used measures contain elements that potentially limit utility. However, it would seem that further development can overcome these, resulting in a tool that provides risk prediction information, and an opportunity to start a conversation to help identify problems that might negatively impact a worker’s movement through the RTW process and the outcomes achieved. Implications for Rehabilitation Return to work is an integral part of workplace injury management. The capture of RTW expectations affords a way to identify the potential for less than optimal RTW processes and outcomes. A mismatch between an injured worker’s expectations and what other stakeholders might expect suggests that efforts could be made to determine what is causing the injured worker’s concerns. Once underling issues are identified, work can be put into resolving these so that the worker’s return to the workplace is not impeded.

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Keywords: &nbsp Measuring expectations; return to work; risk prediction; work disability.

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Introduction

With an increasing number of studies finding that medical condition incompletely explains return to work (RTW) following occupational injury, the role of psychosocial influences has come into question. [1, 2] Of the psychosocial variables that have been examined, “expectation” has consistently been found to relate to outcomes. [3, 4] Researchers throughout the world have found that workers’ predictions of future work status are related to the outcomes they achieve. Examples include studies from Canada [5–12], USA [13–16], Europe [17–24] and Australia. [[25, 26]

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