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Pediatrics

Is Back Pain During Childhood or Adolescence Associated with Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance or Aerobic Capacity?

By |July 18, 2015|Back Pain, Pediatrics|

Is Back Pain During Childhood or Adolescence Associated with Muscle Strength, Muscle Endurance or Aerobic Capacity: Three Systematic Literature Reviews with one Meta-analysis

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2015 (Jul 16);   23:   21 ~ FULL TEXT

Arnaud Lardon, Charlotte Leboeuf-Yde, and
Christine Le Scanff

EA 4532 CIAMS,
Université Paris-Sud, UFR STAPS,
Orsay, 91405, France
alardon@ifec.net

Background   Back pain is a common condition during childhood and adolescence. The causes of back pain are largely unknown but it seems plausible that some physical factors such as back muscle strength, back muscle endurance and aerobic capacity may play a role in its development, in particular in the early years.

Objectives   The objectives of this review were to investigate in childhood and adolescence 1) if muscular strength in trunk extension is associated with back pain, 2) if muscular endurance in trunk extension is associated with back pain and 3) if aerobic capacity is associated with back pain.

Design   Three systematic critical literature reviews with one meta-analysis.

Methods   Systematic searches were made in June 2014 in PubMed, Embase and SportDiscus including longitudinal, retrospective or cross-sectional studies on back pain for subjects <20 years. Articles were accepted if they were written in French or English. The review process followed the AMSTAR recommendations. The possibility of conducting a meta-analysis was assessed for each research question.

Results   Four articles were included for the first objective, four for the second and three for the last. None of the included articles found an association between back muscle strength in extension and back pain. For the second objective, a protective association between back muscle endurance in extension and back pain was found, later confirmed in a meta-analysis (OR = 0.75, 95 % CI 0.58-0.98). The association between aerobic capacity and back pain is not clear.

Conclusions   High back muscle endurance in extension appears protective of back pain in youngsters, but the roles of high back muscle strength in extension and aerobic capacity are less clear.

Keywords:   Back pain; Adolescent; Children; Back muscle endurance; Back muscle strength; Aerobic capacity; Meta-analysis; Systematic review

 

From the Full-Text Article:

Background

Pain is relatively common in childhood and adolescence [1]. For example, in a population of circa 3000 adolescents, 61 % reported musculoskeletal pain at least in one area [2]. Back pain (BP) was noted to be the second most common type with 25 % reporting daily complaints [2]. BP is common during childhood and has been shown to be a predictor of low back pain (LBP) in adulthood [3]. Therefore, more knowledge is needed about BP in the early years, as attention needs to be focused on this period of life.

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Spinal Pain in Adolescents

By |February 2, 2015|Pediatrics, Spinal Joint Pain, Spinal Manipulation|

Spinal Pain in Adolescents: Prevalence, Incidence, and Course: A School-based Two-year Prospective Cohort Study in 1,300 Danes Aged 11-13

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 (May 29);   15:   187 ~ FULL TEXT

Ellen Aartun, Jan Hartvigsen, Niels Wedderkopp, and Lise Hestbaek

Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics,
University of Southern Denmark,
Odense, Denmark

BACKGROUND:   The severity and course of spinal pain is poorly understood in adolescents. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and two-year incidence, as well as the course, frequency, and intensity of pain in the neck, mid back, and low back (spinal pain).

METHODS:   This study was a school-based prospective cohort study. All 5th and 6th grade students (11-13 years) at 14 schools in the Region of Southern Denmark were invited to participate (N=1,348). Data were collected in 2010 and again two years later, using an e-survey completed during school time.

RESULTS:   The lifetime prevalence of spinal pain was 86% and 89% at baseline and follow-up, respectively. A group of 13.6% (95% CI: 11.8, 15.6) at baseline and 19.5% (95% CI: 17.1, 22.0) at follow-up reported that they had pain frequently. The frequency of pain was strongly associated with the intensity of pain, i.e., the majority of the participants reported their pain as relatively infrequent and of low intensity, whereas the participants with frequent pain also experienced pain of higher intensity. The two-year incidence of spinal pain varied between 40% and 60% across the physical locations. Progression of pain from one to more locations and from infrequent to more frequent was common over the two-year period.

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Improved Behavior and a Reduction in Violent Outbreaks in a 10-year-old Boy With Chiropractic Care

By |November 24, 2014|Pediatrics|

A Case Report of Improved Behavior and a Reduction in Violent Outbreaks in a 10-year-old Boy With Chiropractic Care

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Journal on Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics 2014; 14 (3)

Jonathan R Cook, MChiro, DC, LRCC

Private chiropractic practice,
United Kingdom Author
jon.chiro@gmail.com

Objective:   To present a single case study in which a reduction in violent behavior with a 10-year old boy was achieved when the patient underwent chiropractic treatment.

Design:   A case report. Setting: Private chiropractic practice.

Subjects:   This case involved a 10-year-old male who presented with behavioral issues, including dramatic changes from a calm manner, to suddenly becoming violent. He was also reported to have difficulty sleeping due to emotional detachment disorder and frequently suffered from panic attacks. His mother also reported that he had difficulty noticing when he was sufficiently full following eating. His behavioral changes caused him to be suspended from school. Upper cervical, thoracic and lumbopelvic dysfunction were recorded in this case.

Methods:   The patient received diversified low-force chiropractic manipulation to the spinal areas noted, including toggle-recoil and drop piece technique. His changes were recorded through the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) questionnaires over the course of his treatment. Treatment was provided over a 4-week, twice weekly period, with a MYMOP questionnaire being filled out after his 3rd, 6th and 8th adjustment.

Results:   A reduction in a MYMOP score of 6/6 to 1.6/6 for behavior and violent outbreaks after 8 chiropractic adjustments. Further improvements were noticed with sleep and anxiety, as well as a dramatically improved awareness of feeling full after eating.

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Energy Drinks and Adolescents – What Should Health Practitioners Know?

By |July 24, 2014|Pediatrics|

Energy Drinks and Adolescents – What Should Health Practitioners Know?

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics 2012 (Dec);   13 (1): 1042-1044

Sharon Gordon, BAppSc(Chiro), DICCP

Private practice, Gippsland, Victoria, Australia.
Email: Sharon.gordon@rmit.edu.au

Energy Drinks are readily available in supermarkets throughout the world. There are currently no restrictions or guidelines on safe consumption by children. Energy drink consumption by adolescents is on the rise, as companies continue to aggressively market their product to this demographic. It has become socially acceptable for children to consume these drinks, as there is a perception that the products are safe. In addition, they have become a popular accessory in the youth extreme-sport culture. Overall, research on adolescent energy drink consumption is lacking, however side effects similar to that seen in adults, have been reported in the adolescent population. The chiropractor must be aware of these side effects, including how they may relate to presenting symptoms, and educate their patients on the dangers of energy drink consumption.

Key Words:   energy drink, caffeine, adolescent, chiropractic

Objective

To review the literature on energy drink consumption amongst adolescents, and discuss the physiological effects that may present to the chiropractic office.

Methods

Scientific journal databases were searched, including PubMed, Medline, Proquest, Cochrane, CINAHL, Medscape, and Index to Chiropractic Literature. An open internet search was also performed.

Discussion

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Adverse Reactions of Medications in Children:The Need for Vigilance, A Case Study

By |July 19, 2014|Adverse Drug Reactions, Pediatrics|

Adverse Reactions of Medications in Children:
The Need for Vigilance, A Case Study

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   J Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics 2014 (Mar);   14 (2) ~ FULL TEXT

Edward Holmes [1], DC and Joyce Miller, BSc, DC, DABCO, FCC [2]

1 – Edward Homes, DC,
private practice,
Bournemouth, United Kingdom

2 – Joyce Miller, BSc, DC, DABCO, FCC,
Associate Professor,
Anglo-European College of Chiropractic,
Bournemouth, United Kingdom.
jmiller@aecc.ac.uk

Summary:   This study demonstrates that adverse drug reactions do potentially pose a public health risk within the pediatric population and all healthcare providers need to be mindful of this risk. Adverse events to medication within this population are prevalent particularly in children under the age of two. Chiropractors must therefore be aware of adverse drug reactions and recognize symptoms within their patient population.

Key terms:   off label use; non-prescription drugs, child, pediatrics, drug toxicity guidelines, adverse medication reactions in children

 

From the Full-Text Article:

Introduction

A 19-week-old premature infant presented to a chiropractic teaching clinic with a ‘poor feeding pattern, recent slowing in weight gain and increase in crying’ over a three week period. The mother stated that this had started following a respiratory infection which occurred two months ago, with an associated rash that spread from her abdomen to the back of her neck, face and head. At least six weeks previously her GP had prescribed a cold remedy for the day (Calcold®) and Calpol® Night for the evening for the respiratory infection, and cortisone cream when a rash developed two weeks later. The medications seemed to help the child sleep, in fact she seemed to sleep much more during the day and night, which was put down to illness. However this did not change in the ensuing weeks after the respiratory infection abated. The mother continued with the Calpol® Night at the recommendation of the GP along with a change to Calpol® (instead of Calcold®) in the day, since it seemed to have helped with sleep. We examined a lethargic infant with an erythematous rash covering the trunk, head and neck who had decreased almost two centiles on her growth chart in the previous several weeks, and although not losing weight, she was nevertheless not gaining weight. Without another obvious etiology, was there an association between the medication and the child’s signs and symptoms?

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An International Survey of Pain in Adolescents

By |June 11, 2014|Pediatrics|

An International Survey of Pain in Adolescents

The Chiro.Org Blog

SOURCE:   BMC Public Health. 2014 (May 13);   14 (1):   447

Michael Swain, Nicholas Henschke, Steven Kamper, Inese Gobina, Veronika Ottová-Jordan, Christopher Maher

Department of Chiropractic,
Faculty of Science,
Macquarie University,
Sydney 2109, Australia.
michael.swain@mq.edu.au

BACKGROUND:   A common belief is that pain is uncommon and short lived in adolescents. However, the burden of pain in adolescents is unclear because of limitations in previous research. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of headache, stomach-ache and backache in adolescents and to explore the extent to which these three forms of pain coexist based upon a representative sample of adolescents from 28 countries.

METHODS:   Data were analysed from three consecutive waves (1997/98, 2001/02 and 2005/06) of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children: WHO Collaborative Cross-National survey (HBSC). Prevalence estimates are based upon adolescents who reported experiencing headache, stomach-ache or backache at least monthly for the last 6 months.

RESULTS:   There were a total of 404,206 participants with a mean (±SD) age of 13.6 (±1.7) years (range 9.8 to 17.3 years). The prevalence of headache was 54.1%, stomach-ache 49.8%, backache 37%, and at least one of the three pains 74.4%. Girls had a higher prevalence of the three pains than boys and the prevalence of pain increased with age. Headache, stomach-ache and backache frequently coexist, for example, of those with headache: 21.2% had headache alone, 31% suffered from both headache and stomach-ache, 12.1% suffered from backache and headache, and 35.7% had all three pains.

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